Words often confused
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Words often confused)
1.
(a) HISTORIC(adj)→ famous, important
(b) HISTORICAL(adj)→ related to history/
past events
(c) HISTRIONIC(adj)→ a melodramatic
behaviour to get attention from others
Ex:
(i) The Taj mahal is of historical
importance.
(ii) She put on a histrionic
display of grief at her step son’s funeral.
(iii) The launch of Chandrayaan 2 was a historic
moment for the country.
2.
(a) MOMENTUM(noun)→ pace, speed
(b)MOMENTARY(adj)→ temporary, short-lived
(c) MOMENTOUS(adj)→ important
Ex:
(i) The team has lost momentum in recent
weeks.
(ii) After a momentary hesitation, he
informed the police about the incident.
(iii) It was a momentous event and cannot
be forgotten.
3.
(a) EMINENT(adj)→ famous, important,
well-known
(b) IMMINENT(adj)→ Something certain to
happen very soon/unavoidable
Ex:
(i) Death is imminent.
(ii) The eminent scholar was welcomed by
all.
4.
(a) CENSURE(verb)→ to criticise, condemn
(b) CENSOR(verb)→ to prohibit, to put a
ban on something
Ex:
(i) He was censured for his negligence.
(ii) Scenes from the film had to be
censored.
5.
(a) ALTERNATE(adj)→ one after another
(b) ALTERNATIVE(adj/noun)→ choice, option
Ex:
(i) He visits his uncle on alternate days.
(ii) Between the two alternatives the
first one is better.
(iii) The highway was closed, so we had to
take an alternative route.
6.
(a) INTERESTED(adj)→ willing, eager
(b) UNINTERESTED(adj)→ unwilling,
unconcerned
(c) DISINTERESTED(adj)→ impartial,
unbiased
Ex:
(i) A lawyer should provide disinterested
advice.
(ii) It is important that all the members
of a jury are disinterested parties.
(iii) Uninterested in politics, he refused
to vote.
noun
adj
7.
(a) PRODIGAL(adj)→ one who spends money
wastefully, extravagant
(b) PRODIGIOUS(adj)→ huge, vast,
tremendous
(c) PRODIGY(noun)→ someone who is very
talented at a very early age (child prodigy)
Ex:
(i) She was a child prodigy, giving
concerts before she was a teenager.
(ii) Despite his disability, John has made
many prodigious talents.
(iii) The prodigal activities of the boy
led him to difficulties.
8.
(a) COMPLIMENT(verb/noun)→ praise,
appreciate
(b) COMPLEMENT(verb/noun)→ to make someone
or something more complete or effective
Ex:
(i) He complimented her on her beauty.
(ii) Man is a complement to women.
(iii) The cool blue colour complements the
warm yellow colour very well.
9.
(a) INGENIOUS(adj)→ expert, experienced,
proficient
(b) INGENUOUS(adj)→ innocent,
inexperienced, credulous, gullible
Ex:
(i) She was ingenious at finding ways to
work more quickly.
(ii) It was rather ingenuous of him to ask
a stranger to look after his luggage.
10.
(a) CHILDLIKE(adj)→ like a child,
innocent, simple
(b) CHILDISH(adj)→ silly, immature
Ex:
(i) We are tired of his childish
behaviour.
(ii) He believes everything with childlike
simplicity.
11.
(a) INDIGENT(adj)→ poor, insolvent,
destitute
(b) INDIGENOUS(adj)→ native, domestic,
local
Ex:
(i) The indigent man could not afford food
and clothing.
(ii) The indigenous method costs less
money.
(iii) The kangaroo is indigenous to
Australia.
12.
(a) JUDICIARY(noun)→ related to justice
(b) JUDICIOUS(adj)→ wise, prudent,
sagacious
Ex:
(i) Since I have a small budget, I have to
be judicious about my purchases.
(ii) A country should have an upright
judiciary system.
13.
(a) ELICIT(verb)→ to get/obtain something
with great difficulty
(b) ILLICIT(adj)→ illegal
Ex:
(i) The police couldn’t elicit any
information from the prisoner.
(ii) They were prosecuted for illicit
liquor selling.
14.
(a) CONTINUOUS(adj)→ something that
happens without stopping
(b) CONTINUAL(adj)→ something that happens
frequently, with breaks between the occurrences
Ex:
(a) We have to prevent these continual
breakdowns.
(b) He had endured house arrest and
continual harassment by the police.
(c) The battery provided enough power for
up to five hours of continuous use.
15.
(a) PERSONAL(adj)→ Individual, private
(b) PERSONNEL(Noun)→ employee, workforce,
staff
Ex:
(i) She is always concerned about her
personal appearance.
(ii) Army personnel were deployed at the
site.
16.
(a) STATIONARY(adj)→ not moving, static,
motionless
(b) STATIONERY(Noun)→ writing equipment,
for example pens, pencils, paper etc.
Ex:
(i) He crashed into the back of a
stationary vehicle.
(ii) John pulled out a stationery and
wrote the letter.
17.
(a) ALTERATION(noun)→ change, modification
(b) ALTERNATION(noun)→ one after another,
to occur in a successive manner
(c) ALTERCATION(noun)→ fight, dispute,
disagreement
Ex:
(i) He made an alteration in his will
before his death.
(ii) Both the workers work in strict
alternation.
(iii) He was engaged in an altercation
with the driver.
18.
(a) PRINCIPLE(noun)→ rule, doctrine,
values
(b) PRINCIPAL(noun)→ main, major, Head of
an institution.
Ex:
(i) The principal cause of his failure was
his carelessness.
(ii) The principal of the college was
invited to the meeting.
(iii) He followed the principles of
Gandhiji.
19.
(a) ASSENT(noun/verb)→ agree to something
or approve
(b) ASCENT(noun)→ the act of climbing or
going up
(c) ACCENT(noun)→ a particular way of
pronouncing words
Ex:
(i) The manager assented to his proposal.
(ii) There was a general assent about his
achievement.
(iii) The ascent of the mountain was very
steep.
(iv) It was the soft accent that held her
attention.
20.
(a) DISSENT(noun/verb)→ disagree,
disapprove
(b) DESCENT(noun)→ the act of coming or
going down
(c) DECENT(adj)→ ethical, moral,
honourable
Ex:
(i) He did everything to suppress
political dissent.
(ii) Passengers must fasten their seat
belts prior to descent.
(iii) His decent behaviour made him the
favourite of all.
21.
(a) FOREWORD(noun)→ a short introduction
to a book, preface
(b) FORWARD(adverb)→ towards the front,
ahead
Ex:
(a) The boy was asked to write a foreword
to the book.
(b) Technology has taken us a big step
forward.
22.
(a) CONSCIOUS(adj)→ aware, attentive,
vigilant
(b) CONSCIENCE(noun)→ one’s internal sense
of right and wrong.
(c) CONSCIENTIOUS(adj)→ ethical,
principled, honest
Ex:
(i) She is very conscious of her rights.
(ii) Her conscience did not allow her to
do the immoral act.
(iii) He was thorough and conscientious
rather than brilliant.
23.
(a) HUMANITY(noun)→ compassion,
generosity, benevolent
(b) HUMANITIES(noun)→ a study of
literature, language, philosophy, history.
Ex:
(a) We should treat animals with humanity.
(b) He is pursuing his graduation in
humanities.
24.
(a) HUMILITY(noun)→ humbleness, modesty,
politeness
(b) HUMILIATION(noun)→ insult,
embarrassment.
Ex:
(i) He accepted the honour with great
humility.
(ii) The employee had to suffer
humiliation for his rude behaviour.
25.
(a) DUAL(adj)→ double, twin, paired
(b) DUEL(noun)→ fight, disagreement,
dispute
Ex:
(i) The committee has dual function, both
advisory and regulatory.
(ii) The officer challenged him to a duel.
26.
(a) TORTUOUS(adj)→ twisted, complicated
(b) TORTUROUS(adj)→ causing pain or
suffering, torture
Ex:
(i) They walked through the tortuous
streets of the old city.
(ii) After three years of torturous
imprisonment, he was finally set free.
27.
(a) CLIMATIC(adj)→ related to climate
(b) CLIMACTIC(adj)→ related to climax,
highest or most exciting point of something
Ex:
(i) Different parts of the earth have
different climatic conditions.
(ii) The climactic scene between the
father and the daughter was very touching.
28.
(a) DISCREET(adj)→ careful, cautious
(b) DISCRETE(adj)→ separate and distinct
Ex:
(i) A watch is made up of many discrete
gears.
(ii) He performed the task in a discreet
way.
29.
(a) EFFICIENT(adj)→ capable, skillful
(b) EFFECTIVE(adj)→ producing a desired
result/effect
Ex:
(i) The new machine is more efficient than
the old one.
(ii) The lecture delivered by the
principal was very effective.
30.
(a) VOCATION(noun)→ profession
(b) VACATION(noun)→ holiday
Ex:
(i) He is a carpenter by vocation.
(ii) The university will be closed for
Christmas vacation.
31.
(a) APPOSITE(adj)→ appropriate, suitable,
relevant
(b) OPPOSITE(adj)→ completely different,
of a contrary kind
Ex:
(i) Her remarks are extremely apposite to
the present discussion.
(ii) Both the brothers are opposite in
temperament.
32.
(a) MISER(noun)→ One who spends less,
frugal, stingy
(b) MISERY(noun)→ in a very bad condition,
plight, suffering
Ex:
(i) A miser worships money.
(ii) The war brought misery to thousands
of refugees.
33.
(a) LUXURIOUS(adj)→ lavish, comfortable
and expensive
(b) LUXURIANT(adj)→ abundant, plenty
Ex:
(i) The forests are luxuriant in green
vegetation.
(ii) He lives in a luxurious apartment.
34.
(a) VENERABLE (adj)→ honourable,
respectful
(b) VULNERABLE(adj)→ weak, easily affected
or attacked, susceptible, prone, unguarded
Ex:
(i) People with open heart are vulnerable
to the deepest wound.
(ii) The cathedral is a venerable
building.
35.
(a) KNAVE(noun)→ a dishonest person
(b) NAIVE(adj)→ innocent, inexperienced,
gullible
Ex:
(i) The knave and his conspirators are
plotting to rob the bank.
(ii) They were naive and easily misled.
35.
(a) GENTLE (adj)→ calm, kind, moderate
(b) GENTEEL (adj)→ aristocratic, elite,
refined, stylish
Ex:
(a) The weather is gentle.
(b) He is very gentle to his kids.
(c) He appears to have genteel manners.
36.
(a) URBAN (adj)→ relating to or having the
characteristics of a town or city
(b) URBANE (adj)→ one who is very refined
or courteous in manner.
Ex:
(a) The urban population in developing
countries is increasing.
(b) His urbane personality can win over
even the grouchiest female.
37.
(a) FEMINIST (noun/adj)→ one who supports
equal rights for women
(b) FEMININE (adj)→ qualities related to
woman/girl, tender, delicate, soft
(c) EFFEMINATE (adj)→ a man who behaves
like a woman.
Ex:
1. All her life she has been ardent
feminist.
2. She used the newspaper column as a
platform for her feminist views.
38.
(a) SENSIBLE (adj)→ wise, logical,
prudent, rational
(b) SENSITIVE (adj)→ emotional,
susceptible, easily affected
Ex:
1. She was sensible enough to stop driving
when she was tired.
2. Curfew was imposed in sensitive areas.
(Noun)
(adj)
39.
(a) ACCENTUATE (verb)→ to emphasize or to
make something more noticeable.
(b) ATTENUATE (verb)→ reduce, decrease
Ex:
1. She accentuated her beautiful eyes with
makeup.
2. The government hopes that the air
strikes will attenuate the number of terrorists hiding in the
mountains.
40.
(a) ADVERSITY (noun)→ a difficult or
unpleasant situation
(b) ADVERSARY (noun)→ enemy, rival,
opposer, competitor
Ex:
(i) She turned adversity into opportunity.
(ii) He defeated his old adversary with
great ease and comfort.
41.
(a) FLARE (noun/verb)→ fire, burn,
explode, outburst, out of control
(b) FLAIR (noun)→ natural ability to do
something, aptitude, talent
Ex:
1. There was a sudden flare as a fuel tank
exploded.
2. He was a born mechanic with a flair for
design.aa
42.
(a) COMPREHENSIVE (adj)→ vast, detailed,
elaborate
(b) COMPREHENSIBLE (adj)→ understandable,
clear, explicit
Ex:
1. She has a comprehensive knowledge of
the subject.
2. Her words were barely comprehensible.
43.
(a) EGOIST (noun)→ one who is arrogant,
selfish and self centered
(b) EGOTIST (noun)→ one who believes in
self praise, braggart, show-off
Ex:
1. An egoist is a person who is his own
best friend.
2. You need to be an egotist to succeed in
politics.
44.
(a) INDUSTRIAL (adj)→ related to
industries
(b) INDUSTRIOUS (adj)→ hard working,
laborious
Ex:
(a) Industrial output has reached record
levels.
(b) The student is neither intelligent nor
industrious.
45.
(a) DEFER (verb)→ postpone, procrastinate,
put off
(b) DEFERENCE (noun)→ respect, honour,
reverence
Ex:
1. We wish to defer our decision until
next week.
2. The officials were treated with extreme
deference.
46.
(a) ACCESS (noun/verb)→ to get, obtain,
approach, enter
(b) EXCESS (adj)→ plentiful, abundant
Ex:
1. The only access to the building is
through the side door.
2. The file can be accessed by the users.
3. His eyes were blinded by excess of
light.
(noun)
(verb)
47.
(a) ALLUSION (noun)→ an indirect
reference, hint, implication
(b) ILLUSION (noun)→ a false idea or
belief, misconception
Ex:
1. His poetry is full of obscure literary
allusion.
2. She is in the illusion that her father
will pay the debts.
48.
(a) AFFECTION (noun)→ liking, admiration, loveliness,
(b) AFFECTATION (noun)→ show off, flaunt,
pomp
Ex:
1. He has great affection for his family.
2. She is sincere and without affectation.
49.
(a) ALLEVIATE (verb)→ reduce, mitigate,
pacify, appease
(b) ELEVATE (verb)→ increase, escalate,
Ex:
1. We should alleviate the sufferings of
others.
2. Good books elevate the mind.
50.
(a) SIGHT (noun)→ the ability to see, view
(b) SITE (noun)→ place/location
(c) CITE (verb)→ mention/quote
Ex:
1. It was a wonderful sight.
2. The construction site was far from the
city.
3. He cited many examples to express the
idea contained in the poem
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